Programming by Analogous

manipulate the sources or their information, such as the location of their files on a haed drive or the emails in their in-boxes. End-user programming is emerging as a crucial instrument in the daily informationprocessing struggle [8]. Such programming allows customized personal information processing. But few end users have the background, motivation, or time to use traditional programming approaches or the means to hire professional programmers to create programs for them. Simple forms of end-user programming include email filters to clean up email by directing specified emails into separate folders and spreadsheets to explore, say, the total cost of a new house. Programming by example (PBE) is a powerful end-user-programming paradigm enabling users without formal training in programming to create sophisticated programs. PBE environments create programs for end users by observing and recording software behaviors as they manipulate information on the graphical user interface (GUI) level. For example, in Microsoft Word, PBE mechanisms allow users to build macros. Here, we explore the problem of PBE reuse, or how users can reuse old program behavior. A user might find a PBE-generated program useful but may need to either generalize or modify it for a related but different task. Program reuse is a well-known software